map The non-German force consisted of six Sudanese companies of 100 men each, one
Zulu company also of 100 men, a unit of Company askaris (60-80 men), 30 Sudanese
artillerymen, 40 Somali sailors, and 22 Turks for police (twenty men and two officers).
The Sudanese soldiers wore a khaki jacket with brass buttons, khaki knee-length
trousers, blue puttees, and natural color leather lace-up shoes. On their head they wore
a light gray or pale yellow turban wound around a fez. Toward the end of 1890 the turban
was changed to a gray tarbush and neck shade.
The Effendis (native officers) wore a khaki jacket after the pattern worn by German
NCO's, with trousers, puttees, shoes, and headdress as for the soldiers. Their jacket
buttons were brass also.
The designation "Effendi" originated during the time of the Wissmann Unit. The
equivalent German rank was Leutnant or Second Lieutenant. For insignia they wore
three, golden, five-pointed stars on each shoulder strap.
Chevrons denoted rank among the men. These were of blue braid (Zinnfigur mentions
that some sources state yellow) and worn on the right forearm of the khaki jacket. From
1890 onward they were red, and worn on the upper left sleeve. One chevron denoted the
rank of "Ombascha" (Gefreite, or Lance Corporal), two chevrons denoted the rank of
"Schausch" (Unteroffizier, or Corporal), three denoted the rank of "Betschausch"
(Sergeant), and four the rank of "Sol" (Feldwebel, or Sergeant-Major). Askaris (Privates)
wore none. Specialist badges were worn on the upper right sleeve of the jacket. There
was a red flaming grenade for artillerymen, and red crossed flags for signals personnel.
The German East Africa Company askaris continued to wear their white uniform and fez.
A photo in Schmidt dated 1889 shows a group of them wearing a waist belt with belly box
and their jacket is being worn outside the trousers. Zinnfigur states that during the period
of the Wissmann Unit a white jacket with standing collar and black buttons came to be
worn with long white trousers; jacket outside. There was a black-white-red braid running
along the base of the collar.
Soldiers of the Zulu company wore the same dress as the Company askaris mentioned
earlier, but the jacket and knee-length trousers were blue instead of white, and the jacket
was worn outside the trousers. For parade they wore a long sleeved white shirt beneath
the jacket, and white puttees. According to Zinnfigur, later, when a second company was
added, the soldiers of the second company wore a white tassel on their fez as a
distinction. At the end of 1889 the Zulu soldiers were given the same sort of dress as the
Sudanese; with the exception of headwear as they continued to wear the fez, and the lack
of shoes.
The Bacharia, or station oarsman, wore the same white jacket and knee-length trousers
as the Company askari, jacket worn inside the trousers, with a blue anchor on the right
sleeve. In addition to this, the leader wore a blue chevron on the left sleeve. Headwear
was a straw hat similar to the British sennet hat.
Native sailors of the Reich Commissar's flotilla wore the same white jacket and
knee-length trousers as the Company askari. The jacket had a blue anchor on the chest,
and was worn inside the trousers. They wore the straw hat described above, with a
ribbon bearing the ships name. According to Zinnfigur it appears that on occasion the
red fez was also worn.
The policemen wore the same dress as the Sudanese soldiers, but had no shoulder
straps or rank chevrons on the jacket. They wore a red "P" on the upper right sleeve, and
when on duty a red police sash running right shoulder to left hip. Headwear consisted of
a gray tarbush with brass eagle on the front. One source mentioned that the fez was also
worn.
The Village Policemen (Wali Askari) wore the same white jacket and knee-length
trousers as the Company askari, and a red fez without tassel. They wore a cartridge belt
and were armed with muzzleloaders. The village policemen were subordinate to the
authority of the local magistrate, the Wali jumbe or village headman who had
responsibility for collecting the hut tax.
The information provided above used with the kind permission of Rudy Scott Nelson
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